SQLite is a software library that implements a self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database engine. SQLite is the most widely deployed SQL database engine in the world. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain. This tutorial will give you a quick start with SQLite and make you comfortable with SQLite programming.
Audience
This tutorial has been prepared for beginners to help them understand the basic-to-advanced concepts related to SQLite Database Engine.
Prerequisites
Before you start practicing various types of examples given in this reference, we assume that you are already aware about what is a database, especially RDBMS and what is a computer programming language.
This chapter helps you understand what is SQLite, how it differs from SQL, why it is needed and the way in which it handles the applications Database.
SQLite is a software library that implements a self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database engine. SQLite is one of the fastest-growing database engines around, but that’s growth in terms of popularity, not anything to do with its size. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain.
What is SQLite?
SQLite is an in-process library that implements a self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database engine. It is a database, which is zero-configured, which means like other databases you do not need to configure it in your system.
SQLite engine is not a standalone process like other databases, you can link it statically or dynamically as per your requirement with your application. SQLite accesses its storage files directly.
Why SQLite?
- SQLite does not require a separate server process or system to operate (serverless).
- SQLite comes with zero-configuration, which means no setup or administration needed.
- A complete SQLite database is stored in a single cross-platform disk file.
- SQLite is very small and light weight, less than 400KiB fully configured or less than 250KiB with optional features omitted.
- SQLite is self-contained, which means no external dependencies.
- SQLite transactions are fully ACID-compliant, allowing safe access from multiple processes or threads.
- SQLite supports most of the query language features found in SQL92 (SQL2) standard.
- SQLite is written in ANSI-C and provides simple and easy-to-use API.
- SQLite is available on UNIX (Linux, Mac OS-X, Android, iOS) and Windows (Win32, WinCE, WinRT).
SQLite A Brief History
- 2000 – D. Richard Hipp designed SQLite for the purpose of no administration required for operating a program.
- 2000 – In August, SQLite 1.0 released with GNU Database Manager.
- 2011 – Hipp announced to add UNQl interface to SQLite DB and to develop UNQLite (Document oriented database).
SQLite Limitations
There are few unsupported features of SQL92 in SQLite which are listed in the following table.
| Sr.No. | Feature & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | RIGHT OUTER JOINOnly LEFT OUTER JOIN is implemented. |
| 2 | FULL OUTER JOINOnly LEFT OUTER JOIN is implemented. |
| 3 | ALTER TABLEThe RENAME TABLE and ADD COLUMN variants of the ALTER TABLE command are supported. The DROP COLUMN, ALTER COLUMN, ADD CONSTRAINT are not supported. |
| 4 | Trigger supportFOR EACH ROW triggers are supported but not FOR EACH STATEMENT triggers. |
| 5 | VIEWsVIEWs in SQLite are read-only. You may not execute a DELETE, INSERT, or UPDATE statement on a view. |
| 6 | GRANT and REVOKEThe only access permissions that can be applied are the normal file access permissions of the underlying operating system. |
SQLite Commands
The standard SQLite commands to interact with relational databases are similar to SQL. They are CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and DROP. These commands can be classified into groups based on their operational nature −
DDL – Data Definition Language
| Sr.No. | Command & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | CREATECreates a new table, a view of a table, or other object in database. |
| 2 | ALTERModifies an existing database object, such as a table. |
| 3 | DROPDeletes an entire table, a view of a table or other object in the database. |
DML – Data Manipulation Language
| Sr.No. | Command & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | INSERTCreates a record |
| 2 | UPDATEModifies records |
| 3 | DELETEDeletes records |
DQL – Data Query Language
| Sr.No. | Command & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | SELECTRetrieves certain records from one or more tables |