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MySQL: DATE_SUB Function

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MySQL DATE_SUB Function

In this guide, we will explain how to use the MySQL DATE_SUB function with syntax and examples.

Description

The MySQL DATE_SUB function returns a date after which a certain time/date interval has been subtracted.

Syntax

The syntax for the DATE_SUB function in MySQL is:

DATE_SUB( date, INTERVAL value unit )

Parameters or Arguments

date

The date to which the interval should be subtracted.

value

The value of the time/date interval that you wish to subtract. You can specify positive and negative values for this parameter.

unit

The unit type of the interval such as DAY, MONTH, MINUTE, HOUR, and so on. It can be one of the following:

unitCompatibility
MICROSECOND4.1.1+
SECOND3.2.3+
MINUTE3.2.3+
HOUR3.2.3+
DAY3.2.3+
WEEK5+
MONTH3.2.3+
QUARTER5+
YEAR3.2.3+
SECOND_MICROSECOND4.1.1+
MINUTE_MICROSECOND4.1.1+
MINUTE_SECOND4.1.1+
HOUR_MICROSECOND4.1.1+
HOUR_SECOND4.1.1+
HOUR_MINUTE3.2.3+
DAY_MICROSECOND4.1.1+
DAY_SECOND3.2.3+
DAY_MINUTE3.2.3+
DAY_HOUR3.2.3+
YEAR_MONTH3.2.3+

Note

  • If you specify an interval value that is too short for the unit that you have specified, the DATE_SUB function will assume that the left-most portion of the interval value was not provided.
  • Using the DATE_SUB function with a negative value as a parameter is equivalent to using the DATE_ADD function.
  • See also the DATE_ADD, ADDDATE, SUBDATE, ADDTIME, and SUBTIME functions.

Applies To

The DATE_SUB function can be used in the following versions of MySQL:

  • MySQL 5.7, MySQL 5.6, MySQL 5.5, MySQL 5.1, MySQL 5.0, MySQL 4.1, MySQL 4.0, MySQL 3.23

Example

Let’s look at some DATE_SUB function examples and explore how to use the DATE_SUB function.

For example:

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21.000001', INTERVAL 4 MICROSECOND);
Result: '2014-02-13 08:44:20.999997'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL 20 SECOND);
Result: '2014-02-13 08:44:01'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL 25 MINUTE);
Result: '2014-02-13 08:19:21'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL 2 HOUR);
Result: '2014-02-13 06:44:21'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13', INTERVAL 10 DAY);
Result: '2014-02-03'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13', INTERVAL 12 WEEK);
Result: '2013-11-21'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13', INTERVAL 3 MONTH);
Result: '2013-11-13'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13', INTERVAL 3 QUARTER);
Result: '2013-05-13'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13', INTERVAL 5 YEAR);
Result: '2009-02-13'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21.000001', INTERVAL '12.000001' SECOND_MICROSECOND);
Result: '2014-02-13 08:44:09'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21.000001', INTERVAL '3:12.000001' MINUTE_MICROSECOND);
Result: '2014-02-13 08:41:09'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL '3:12' MINUTE_SECOND);
Result: '2014-02-13 08:41:09'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21.000001', INTERVAL '1:03:12.000001' HOUR_MICROSECOND);
Result: '2014-02-13 07:41:09'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL '1:03:12' HOUR_SECOND);
Result: '2014-02-13 07:41:09'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL '1:03' HOUR_MINUTE);
Result: '2014-02-13 07:41:21'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21.000001', INTERVAL '7 1:03:12.000001' DAY_MICROSECOND);
Result: '2014-02-06 07:41:09'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL '7 1:03:12' DAY_SECOND);
Result: '2014-02-06 07:41:09'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL '7 1:03' DAY_MINUTE);
Result: '2014-02-06 07:41:21'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13 08:44:21', INTERVAL '7 1' DAY_HOUR);
Result: '2014-02-06 07:44:21'

mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2014-02-13', INTERVAL '5-3' YEAR_MONTH);
Result: '2008-11-13'

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