In this guide, we will discuss Operators in ELM. An operator defines some function that will be performed on the data. The values on which the operators work are called operands. Consider the following expression
7 + 5 = 12
Here, the values 7, 5, and 12 are operands, while + and = are operators.
The major operators in Elm can be classified as −
- Arithmetic
- Relational
- Logical
Arithmetic Operators
Assume the values in variables a and b are 7 and 2 respectively.
| Sr. No. | Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | +(Addition) | returns the sum of the operands | a+b is 9 |
| 2 | -(Subtraction) | returns the difference of the values | a-b is 5 |
| 3 | * (Multiplication) | returns the product of the values | a*b is 14 |
| 4 | / (Float Division) | performs division operation and returns a float quotient | a / b is 3.5 |
| 5 | //(Integer Division) | performs division operation and returns a integer quotient | a // b is 3 |
| 6 | % (Modulus) | performs division operation and returns the remainder | a % b is 1 |
Relational Operators
Relational Operators test or define the kind of relationship between two entities. These operators are used to compare two or more values. Relational operators return a Boolean value, i.e. true or false.
Assume the value of a is 10 and b is 20.
| Sr. No. | Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | > | Greater than | (a > b) is False |
| 2 | < | Lesser than | (a < b) is True |
| 3 | >= | Greater than or equal to | (a >= b) is False |
| 4 | <= | Lesser than or equal to | (a <= b) is True |
| 5 | == | Equality | (a == b) is false |
| 6 | != | Not equal | (a != b) is True |
Comparable Types
Comparison operators like >= or < work with comparable types. These are defined as numbers, characters, strings, and lists, tuples. The comparable types on both sides of the operator must be the same.
| Sr. No. | Comparable Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | number | 7>2 gives True |
| 2 | character | ‘a’ ==’b’ gives False |
| 3 | string | “hello” ==”hello” gives True |
| 4 | tuple | (1,”One”)==(1,”One”) gives True |
| 5 | list | [1,2]==[1,2] gives True |
Open the elm REPL and try the examples shown below −
C:\Users\admin>elm repl ---- elm-repl 0.18.0 ----------------------------------------------------------- :help for help, :exit to exit, more at <https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-repl> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 7>2 True : Bool > 7.0>2 True : Bool > 7.0<2.0 False : Bool > 'a' > 'b' False : Bool > 'a' < 'b' True : Bool > "a" < "b" True : Bool > (1,2) > (2,3) False : Bool > ['1','3'] < ['2','1'] True : Bool >
Logical Operators
Logical Operators are used to combine two or more conditions. Logical operators too return a Boolean value.
| Sr. No. | Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | && | The operator returns true only if all the expressions specified return true | (10>5) && (20>5) returns True |
| 2 | || | The operator returns true if at least one of the expressions specified return true | (10 < 5) || (20 >5) returns True |
| 3 | not | The operator returns the inverse of the expression’s result. For E.g.: !(>5) returns false. | not (10 < 5) returns True |
| 4 | xor | The operator returns true only if exactly one input returns true. The operator returns false if both the expressions return true. | xor (10 > 5 ) (20 > 5) returns false |
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