PL/SQL

In this chapter, we will discuss the transactions in PL/SQL. A database transaction is an atomic unit of work that may consist of one or more related SQL statements. It is called…

In this chapter, we will discuss the Packages in PL/SQL. Packages are schema objects that group logically related PL/SQL types, variables, and subprograms. A package will have two mandatory parts…

In this chapter, we will discuss Triggers in PL/SQL. Triggers are stored programs, which are automatically executed or fired when some events occur. Triggers are, in fact, written to be…

In this chapter, we will discuss Exceptions in PL/SQL. An exception is an error condition during program execution. PL/SQL supports programmers to catch such conditions using the EXCEPTION block in the program…

In this chapter, we will discuss Records in PL/SQL. A record is a data structure that can hold data items of different kinds. Records consist of different fields, similar to a row…

In this chapter, we will discuss the cursors in PL/SQL. Oracle creates a memory area, known as the context area, for processing an SQL statement, which contains all the information…

In this chapter, we will discuss the functions in PL/SQL. A function is the same as a procedure except that it returns a value. Therefore, all the discussions of the…

In this chapter, we will discuss Procedures in PL/SQL. A subprogram is a program unit/module that performs a particular task. These subprograms are combined to form larger programs. This is basically called…

In this chapter, we will discuss arrays in PL/SQL. The PL/SQL programming language provides a data structure called the VARRAY, which can store a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the…

The string in PL/SQL is actually a sequence of characters with an optional size specification. The characters could be numeric, letters, blank, special characters, or a combination of all. PL/SQL…