A C# Operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. C# has a rich set of built-in operators and provides
Type of C# Operators ā
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Misc Operators
This tutorial explains the arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and other operators one by one.
Arithmetic Operators
The following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by C#. Assume variableĀ AĀ holds 10 and variableĀ BĀ holds 20 then ā
Show Examples
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Adds two operands | A + B = 30 |
| – | Subtracts second operand from the first | A – B = -10 |
| * | Multiplies both operands | A * B = 200 |
| / | Divides numerator by de-numerator | B / A = 2 |
| % | Modulus Operator and the remainder of after an integer division | B % A = 0 |
| ++ | Increment operator increases integer value by one | A++ = 11 |
| — | Decrement operator decreases integer value by one | A– = 9 |
Example
The following example demonstrates all the arithmetic operators available in C#
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
int a = 21;
int b = 10;
int c;
c = a + b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a - b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a * b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a / b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a % b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 5 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a++;
Console.WriteLine("Line 6 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a--;
Console.WriteLine("Line 7 - Value of c is {0}", c);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result ā
Line 1 - Value of c is 31 Line 2 - Value of c is 11 Line 3 - Value of c is 210 Line 4 - Value of c is 2 Line 5 - Value of c is 1 Line 6 - Value of c is 22 Line 7 - Value of c is 20
Relational Operators
The following table shows all the relational operators supported by C#. Assume variableĀ AĀ holds 10 and variableĀ BĀ holds 20, then ā
Show Examples
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then the condition becomes true. | (A == B) is not true. |
| != | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then the condition becomes true. | (A != B) is true. |
| > | Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. | (A > B) is not true. |
| < | Checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. | (A < B) is true. |
| >= | Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. | (A >= B) is not true. |
| <= | Checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. | (A <= B) is true. |
Example
The following example demonstrates all the relational operators available in C#
using System;
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
int a = 21;
int b = 10;
if (a == b) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - a is equal to b");
} else {
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - a is not equal to b");
}
if (a < b) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - a is less than b");
} else {
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - a is not less than b");
}
if (a > b) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - a is greater than b");
} else {
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - a is not greater than b");
}
/* Lets change value of a and b */
a = 5;
b = 20;
if (a <= b) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to b");
}
if (b >= a) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 5-b is either greater than or equal to b");
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result ā
Line 1 - a is not equal to b Line 2 - a is not less than b Line 3 - a is greater than b Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to b Line 5 - b is either greater than or equal to b
Logical Operators
The following table shows all the logical operators supported by C#. Assume variableĀ AĀ holds Boolean value true and variableĀ BĀ holds Boolean value false, then ā
Show Examples
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && | Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non zero then the condition becomes true. | (A && B) is false. |
| || | Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non zero then the condition becomes true. | (A || B) is true. |
| ! | Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then the Logical NOT operator will make it false. | !(A && B) is true. |
Example
The following example demonstrates all the logical operators available in C#
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
bool a = true;
bool b = true;
if (a && b) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - Condition is true");
}
if (a || b) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - Condition is true");
}
/* lets change the value of a and b */
a = false;
b = true;
if (a && b) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Condition is true");
} else {
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Condition is not true");
}
if (!(a && b)) {
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - Condition is true");
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result ā
Line 1 - Condition is true Line 2 - Condition is true Line 3 - Condition is not true Line 4 - Condition is true
Bitwise Operators
The Bitwise operator works on bits and performs the bit-by-bit operation. The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows ā
| p | q | p & q | p | q | p ^ q |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; then in the binary format, they are as follows ā
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
——————-
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011
The Bitwise operators supported by C# are listed in the following table. Assume variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13, then ā
Show Examples
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A & B) = 12, which is 0000 1100 |
| | | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | (A | B) = 61, which is 0011 1101 |
| ^ | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | (A ^ B) = 49, which is 0011 0001 |
| ~ | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits. | (~A ) = -61, which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement due to a signed binary number. |
| << | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A << 2 = 240, which is 1111 0000 |
| >> | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A >> 2 = 15, which is 0000 1111 |
Example
The following example demonstrates all the bitwise operators available in C#
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */
int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
int c = 0;
c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - Value of c is {0}", c );
c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 5 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a >> 2; /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 6 - Value of c is {0}", c);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result ā
Line 1 - Value of c is 12 Line 2 - Value of c is 61 Line 3 - Value of c is 49 Line 4 - Value of c is -61 Line 5 - Value of c is 240 Line 6 - Value of c is 15
Assignment Operators
There are the following assignment operators supported by C# ā
Show Examples
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand | C = A + B assigns value of A + B into C |
| += | Add AND assignment operator, It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to left operand | C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to left operand | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to the left operand | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator | C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator | C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator | C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |
| ^= | bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator | C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |
| |= | bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator | C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2 |
The following example demonstrates all the assignment operators available in C#
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
int a = 21;
int c;
c = a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - = Value of c = {0}", c);
c += a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - += Value of c = {0}", c);
c -= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - -= Value of c = {0}", c);
c *= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - *= Value of c = {0}", c);
c /= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 5 - /= Value of c = {0}", c);
c = 200;
c %= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 6 - %= Value of c = {0}", c);
c <<= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 7 - <<= Value of c = {0}", c);
c >>= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 8 - >>= Value of c = {0}", c);
c &= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 9 - &= Value of c = {0}", c);
c ^= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 10 - ^= Value of c = {0}", c);
c |= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 11 - |= Value of c = {0}", c);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result ā
Line 1 - = Value of c = 21 Line 2 - += Value of c = 42 Line 3 - -= Value of c = 21 Line 4 - *= Value of c = 441 Line 5 - /= Value of c = 21 Line 6 - %= Value of c = 11 Line 7 - <<= Value of c = 44 Line 8 - >>= Value of c = 11 Line 9 - &= Value of c = 2 Line 10 - ^= Value of c = 0 Line 11 - |= Value of c = 2
Miscellaneous Operators
There are a few other important operators includingĀ the size of, type of,Ā and? :Ā supported by C#.
Show Examples
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| size of() | Returns the size of a data type. | size of(int), returns 4. |
| typeof() | Returns the type of class. | typeof(StreamReader); |
| & | Returns the address of a variable. | &a; returns the actual address of the variable. |
| * | Pointer to a variable. | *a; creates a pointer named ‘a’ to a variable. |
| ? : | Conditional Expression | If Condition is true? Then value X: Otherwise, value Y |
| is | Determines whether an object is of a certain type. | If( Ford is Car) // checks if Ford is an object of the Car class. |
| as | Cast without raising an exception if the cast fails. | Object obj = new StringReader(“Hello”);StringReader r = obj as StringReader; |
Example
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
/* example of sizeof operator */
Console.WriteLine("The size of int is {0}", sizeof(int));
Console.WriteLine("The size of short is {0}", sizeof(short));
Console.WriteLine("The size of double is {0}", sizeof(double));
/* example of ternary operator */
int a, b;
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20 : 30;
Console.WriteLine("Value of b is {0}", b);
b = (a == 10) ? 20 : 30;
Console.WriteLine("Value of b is {0}", b);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result ā
The size of int is 4 The size of short is 2 The size of double is 8 Value of b is 30 Value of b is 20
Operator Precedence in C#
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects the evaluation of an expression. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator.
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so the first evaluation takes place for 3*2, and then 7 is added into it.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators are evaluated first.
Show Examples
| Category | Operator | Associativity |
|---|---|---|
| Postfix | () [] -> . ++ – – | Left to right |
| Unary | + – ! ~ ++ – – (type)* & sizeof | Right to left |
| Multiplicative | * / % | Left to right |
| Additive | + – | Left to right |
| Shift | << >> | Left to right |
| Relational | < <= > >= | Left to right |
| Equality | == != | Left to right |
| Bitwise AND | & | Left to right |
| Bitwise XOR | ^ | Left to right |
| Bitwise OR | | | Left to right |
| Logical AND | && | Left to right |
| Logical OR | || | Left to right |
| Conditional | ?: | Right to left |
| Assignment | = += -= *= /= %=>>= <<= &= ^= |= | Right to left |
| Comma | , | Left to right |
Example
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
int a = 20;
int b = 10;
int c = 15;
int d = 5;
int e;
e = (a + b) * c / d; // ( 30 * 15 ) / 5
Console.WriteLine("Value of (a + b) * c / d is : {0}", e);
e = ((a + b) * c) / d; // (30 * 15 ) / 5
Console.WriteLine("Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is : {0}", e);
e = (a + b) * (c / d); // (30) * (15/5) {0}", e);
e = a + (b * c) / d; // 20 + (150/5) {0}", e);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result ā
Value of (a + b) * c / d is : 90 Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is : 90
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