Program execution flow refers to the order in which program statements get executed. By default, the statements get executed one after another.
However; many times the order of execution needs to be altered from the default order, to get the task done.
Euphoria has a number of flow control statements that you can use to arrange the execution order of statements.
The exit statement
Exiting a loop is done with the keyword exit. This causes the flow to immediately leave the current loop and recommence with the first statement after the end of the loop.
Syntax
The syntax of an exit statement is as follows −
exit [ "Label Name" ] [Number]
The exit statement terminates the latest and innermost loop until an optional label name or number is specified.
A special form of exit N is exit 0. This leaves all levels of loop, regardless of the depth. Control continues after the outermost loop block. Likewise, exit -1 exits the second outermost loop, and so on.
Example
#!/home/euphoria-4.0b2/bin/eui
integer b
for a = 1 to 16 do
printf(1, "value of a %d\n", a)
if a = 10 then
b = a
exit
end if
end for
printf(1, "value of b %d\n", b)
This produces the following result −
value of a 1 value of a 2 value of a 3 value of a 4 value of a 5 value of a 6 value of a 7 value of a 8 value of a 9 value of a 10 value of b 10
The break statement
The break statement works exactly like the exit statement but applies to if statements or switch statements rather than to loop statements of any kind.
Syntax
The syntax of the break statement is as follows −
break [ "Label Name" ] [Number]
The break statement terminates the latest and innermost if or switch block until an optional label name or number is specified.
A special form of break N is break 0. This leaves the outermost if or switch block, regardless of the depth. Control continues after the outermost block. Likewise, break -1 breaks the second outermost if or switch block, and so on.
Example
#!/home/euphoria-4.0b2/bin/eui
integer a, b
sequence s = {'E','u', 'p'}
if s[1] = 'E' then
a = 3
if s[2] = 'u' then
b = 1
if s[3] = 'p' then
break 0 -- leave topmost if block
end if
a = 2
else
b = 4
end if
else
a = 0
b = 0
end if
printf(1, "value of a %d\n", a)
printf(1, "value of b %d\n", b)
This produces the following result −
value of a 3 value of b 1
The continue statement
The continue statement continues execution of the loop it applies to by going to the next iteration and skipping the rest of an iteration.
Going to the next iteration means testing a condition variable index and checking whether it is still within bounds.
Syntax
The syntax of the continue statement is as follows −
continue [ "Label Name" ] [Number]
The continue statement would re-iterate the latest and innermost loop until an optional label name or number is specified.
A special form of continue N is continue 0. This re-iterates the outermost loop, regardless of the depth. Likewise, continue -1 starts from the second outermost loop, and so on.
Example
#!/home/euphoria-4.0b2/bin/eui
for a = 3 to 6 do
printf(1, "value of a %d\n", a)
if a = 4 then
puts(1,"(2)\n")
continue
end if
printf(1, "value of a %d\n", a*a)
end for
This would produce following result:
value of a 3
value of a 9
value of a 4
(2)
value of a 5
value of a 25
value of a 6
value of a 36
The retry statement
The retry statement continues the execution of the loop it applies to by going to the next iteration and skipping the rest of an iteration.
Syntax
The syntax of the retry statement is as follows −
retry [ "Label Name" ] [Number]
The retry statement retries executing the current iteration of the loop it applies to. The statement branches to the first statement of the designated loop neither testing anything nor incrementing the for loop index.
A special form of retry N is retry 0. This retries executing the outermost loop, regardless of the depth. Likewise, retry -1 retries the second outermost loop, and so on.
Normally, a sub-block that contains a retry statement also contains another flow control keyword like exit, continue, or break. Otherwise, the iteration would be endlessly executed.
Example
#!/home/euphoria-4.0b2/bin/eui
integer errors = 0
integer files_to_open = 10
for i = 1 to length(files_to_open) do
fh = open(files_to_open[i], "rb")
if fh = -1 then
if errors > 5 then
exit
else
errors += 1
retry
end if
end if
file_handles[i] = fh
end for
Since retry does not change the value of i and tries again opening the same file, there has to be a way to break from the loop, which the exit statement provides.
The goto statement
The goto statement instructs the computer to resume code execution at a labeled place.
The place to resume execution is called the target of the statement. It is restricted to lie in the current routine, or the current file if outside any routine.
Syntax
The syntax of the goto statement is as follows −
goto "Label Name"
The target of a goto statement can be any accessible label statement −
label "Label Name"
Label names must be double-quoted constant strings. Characters that are illegal in Euphoria identifiers may appear in a label name since it is a regular string.
Example
#!/home/euphoria-4.0b2/bin/eui integer a = 0 label "FIRST" printf(1, "value of a %d\n", a) a += 10 if a < 50 then goto "FIRST" end if printf(1, "Final value of a %d\n", a)
This produces the following result −
value of a 0 value of a 10 value of a 20 value of a 30 value of a 40 Final value of a 50
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