Example
Following is a sample XML document containing the records of a bookstore of various books.
books.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<books>
<book category="JAVA">
<title lang="en">Learn Java in 24 Hours</title>
<author>Robert</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="DOTNET">
<title lang="en">Learn .Net in 24 hours</title>
<author>Peter</author>
<year>2011</year>
<price>70.50</price>
</book>
<book category="XML">
<title lang="en">Learn XQuery in 24 hours</title>
<author>Robert</author>
<author>Peter</author>
<year>2013</year>
<price>50.00</price>
</book>
<book category="XML">
<title lang="en">Learn XPath in 24 hours</title>
<author>Jay Ban</author>
<year>2010</year>
<price>16.50</price>
</book>
</books>
Following is a sample Xquery document containing the query expression to be executed on the above XML document. The purpose is to get the title elements of those XML nodes where the price is greater than 30.
books.xqy
for $x in doc("books.xml")/books/book
where $x/price>30
return $x/title
Result
<title lang="en">Learn .Net in 24 hours</title> <title lang="en">Learn XQuery in 24 hours</title>
Verify Result
To verify the result, replace the contents of books.xqy (given in the Environment Setup chapter) with the above XQuery expression and execute the XQueryTester java program.
XQuery Expressions
Let us understand each piece of the above XQuery expression.
Use of functions
doc("books.xml")
doc() is one of the XQuery functions that is used to locate the XML source. Here we’ve passed “books.xml”. Considering the relative path, books.xml should lie in the same path where books.xqy is present.
Use of XPath expressions
doc("books.xml")/books/book
XQuery uses XPath expressions heavily to locate the required portion of XML on which search is to be made. Here we’ve chosen all the book nodes available under books node.
Iterate the objects
for $x in doc("books.xml")/books/book
XQuery treats xml data as objects. In the above example, $x represents the selected node, while the for loop iterates over the collection of nodes.
Apply the condition
where $x/price>30
As $x represents the selected node, “/” is used to get the value of the required element; “where” clause is used to put a condition on the search results.
Return the result
return $x/title
As $x represents the selected node, “/” is used to get the value of the required element, price, title; “return” clause is used to return the elements from the search results.