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AIML – Tag

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<srai> Tag is a multipurpose tag. This tag enables AIML to define the different targets for the same template.

Syntax

<srai> pattern </srai>

Following are the commonly used terms associated with srai −

  • Symbolic Reduction
  • Divide and Conquer
  • Synonyms resolution
  • Keywords detection

Symbolic Reduction

The symbolic reduction technique is used to simplify patterns. It helps to reduce complex grammatical patterns with simple pattern(s).

For example, consider the following conversation.

Human: Who was Albert Einstein?
Robot: Albert Einstein was a German physicist.
Human: Who was Isaac Newton?
Robot: Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.

Now What if questions are raised as

Human: DO YOU KNOW WHO Albert Einstein IS?
Human: DO YOU KNOW WHO Isaac Newton IS?

Here, <srai> tag works. It can take the pattern of the user as a template.

Step 1: Create categories

<category>
   <pattern>WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN?</pattern>
   <template>Albert Einstein was a German physicist.</template>
</category>

<category>
   <pattern> WHO IS Isaac NEWTON? </pattern>
   <template>Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.</template>
</category>

Step 2: Create generic category using <srai> tag

<category>
   <pattern>DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS?</pattern>
   
   <template>
      <srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>
   </template>
   
</category>

Example

Create srai.aiml inside C > ab > bots > test > aiml and srai.aiml.csv inside C > ab > bots > test > aimlif directories.

srai.aiml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<aiml version = "1.0.1" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN </pattern>
      <template>Albert Einstein was a German physicist.</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS Isaac NEWTON </pattern>
      <template>Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>
      </template>
   </category>
</aiml>

star.aiml.csv

0,WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN,*,*,Albert Einstein was a German physicist.,srai.aiml
0,WHO IS Isaac NEWTON,*,*,Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.,srai.aiml
0,DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS,*,*,<srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>,srai.aiml

Execute the Program

Open the command prompt. Go to C > ab > and type the following command −

java -cp lib/Ab.jar Main bot = test action = chat trace = false

Verify the Result

You will see the following output −

Human: Do you know who Albert Einstein is
Robot: Albert Einstein was a German physicist.

Divide and Conquer

Divide and Conquer is used to reuse sub sentences in making a complete reply. It helps to reduce defining multiple categories.

For example, consider following conversation.

Human: Bye
Robot: GoodBye!
Human: Bye Alice!
Robot: GoodBye!

Now here robot is expected to reply GoodBye! Whenever a user says Bye in the beginning of the sentence.

Let’s put <srai> tag to work here.

Step 1: Create category

<category>
   <pattern>BYE</pattern>
   <template>Good Bye!</template>
</category>

Step 2: Create generic category using <srai> tag

<category>
   <pattern>BYE *</pattern>
   
   <template>
      <srai>BYE</srai>
   </template>
   
</category>

Example

Update srai.aiml inside C > ab > bots > test > aiml and srai.aiml.csv inside C > ab > bots > test > aimlif directories.

srai.aiml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<aiml version = "1.0.1" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN </pattern>
      <template>Albert Einstein was a German physicist.</template>
   </category>
 
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS Isaac NEWTON </pattern>
      <template>Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>BYE</pattern>
      <template>Good Bye!</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>BYE *</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>BYE</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
</aiml>

star.aiml.csv

0,WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN,*,*,Albert Einstein was a German physicist.,srai.aiml
0,WHO IS Isaac NEWTON,*,*,Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.,srai.aiml
0,DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS,*,*,<srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>,srai.aiml
0,BYE,*,*,Good Bye!,srai.aiml
0,BYE *,*,*,<srai>BYE</srai>,srai.aiml

Execute the Program

Open the command prompt. Go to C > ab > and type the following command −

java -cp lib/Ab.jar Main bot = test action = chat trace = false

Verify the Result

You will see the following output −

Human: Bye
Robot: GoodBye!
Human: Bye Alice!
Robot: GoodBye!

Synonyms Resolution

Synonyms are words with similar meanings. A bot should reply in the same manner for similar words.

For example, consider the following conversation.

Human: Factory
Robot: Development Center!
Human: Industry
Robot: Development Center!

Now here robot is expected to reply Development Center! whenever a user says Factory or Industry.

Let’s put <srai> tag to work here.

Step 1: Create category

<category>
   <pattern>FACTORY</pattern>
   <template>Development Center!</template>
</category>

Step 2: Create generic category using <srai> tag

<category>
   <pattern>INDUSTRY</pattern>
   
   <template>
      <srai>FACTORY</srai>
   </template>
   
</category>

Example

Update srai.aiml inside C > ab > bots > test > aiml and srai.aiml.csv inside C > ab > bots > test > aimlif directories.

srai.aiml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<aiml version = "1.0.1" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN </pattern>
      <template>Albert Einstein was a German physicist.</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS Isaac NEWTON </pattern>
      <template>Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>BYE</pattern>
      <template>Good Bye!</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>BYE *</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>BYE</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>FACTORY</pattern>
      <template>Development Center!</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>INDUSTRY</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>FACTORY</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
</aiml>

star.aiml.csv

0,WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN,*,*,Albert Einstein was a German physicist.,srai.aiml
0,WHO IS Isaac NEWTON,*,*,Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.,srai.aiml
0,DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS,*,*,<srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>,srai.aiml
0,BYE,*,*,Good Bye!,srai.aiml
0,BYE *,*,*,<srai>BYE</srai>,srai.aiml
0,FACTORY,*,*,Development Center!,srai.aiml
0,INDUSTRY,*,*,<srai>FACTORY</srai>,srai.aiml

Execute the Program

Open the command prompt. Go to C > ab > and type the following command −

java -cp lib/Ab.jar Main bot = test action = chat trace = false

Verify the Result

You will see the following output −

Human: Factory
Robot: Development Center!
Human: Industry
Robot: Development Center!

Keywords Detection

Using srai, we can return a simple response when the user types a specific keyword, say, School, no matter where “school” is present in the sentence.

For example, consider the following conversation.

Human: I love going to school daily.
Robot: School is an important institution in a child's life.
Human: I like my school.
Robot: School is an important institution in a child's life.

Here, the robot is expected to reply a standard message ‘School is an important institution in a child’s life.’ whenever a user has school in the sentence.

Let’s put <srai> tag to work here. We’ll use wild-cards here.

Step 1: Create category

<category>
   <pattern>SCHOOL</pattern>
   <template>School is an important institution in a child's life.</template>
</category>

Step 2: Create generic categories using <srai> tag

<category>
   <pattern>_ SCHOOL</pattern>
   <template>
      <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
   </template>
</category>

<category>
   <pattern>_ SCHOOL</pattern>
   <template>
      <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
   </template>
</category>

<category>
   <pattern>SCHOOL *</pattern>
   <template>
      <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
   </template>
</category>

<category>
   <pattern>_ SCHOOL *</pattern>
   <template>
      <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
   </template>
</category>

Example

Update srai.aiml inside C > ab > bots > test > aiml and srai.aiml.csv inside C > ab > bots > test > aimlif directories.

srai.aiml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<aiml version = "1.0.1" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN </pattern>
      <template>Albert Einstein was a German physicist.</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern> WHO IS Isaac NEWTON </pattern>
      <template>Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>BYE</pattern>
      <template>Good Bye!</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>BYE *</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>BYE</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>FACTORY</pattern>
      <template>Development Center!</template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>INDUSTRY</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>FACTORY</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>SCHOOL</pattern>
      <template>School is an important institution in a child's life.</template>
   </category>  
   
   <category>
      <pattern>_ SCHOOL</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>_ SCHOOL</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>SCHOOL *</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
   <category>
      <pattern>_ SCHOOL *</pattern>
      <template>
         <srai>SCHOOL</srai>
      </template>
   </category>
   
</aiml>

star.aiml.csv

0,WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN,*,*,Albert Einstein was a German physicist.,srai.aiml
0,WHO IS Isaac NEWTON,*,*,Isaac Newton was a English physicist and mathematician.,srai.aiml
0,DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS,*,*,<srai>WHO IS <star/></srai>,srai.aiml
0,BYE,*,*,Good Bye!,srai.aiml
0,BYE *,*,*,<srai>BYE</srai>,srai.aiml
0,FACTORY,*,*,Development Center!,srai.aiml
0,INDUSTRY,*,*,<srai>FACTORY</srai>,srai.aiml
0,SCHOOL,*,*,School is an important institution in a child's life.,srai.aiml
0,_ SCHOOL,*,*,<srai>SCHOOL</srai>,srai.aiml
0,SCHOOL *,*,*,<srai>SCHOOL</srai>,srai.aiml
0,_ SCHOOL *,*,*,<srai>SCHOOL</srai>,srai.aiml

Execute the Program

Open the command prompt. Go to C > ab > and type the following command −

java -cp lib/Ab.jar Main bot = test action = chat trace = false

Verify the Result

You will see the following output −

Human: I love going to school daily.
Robot: School is an important institution in a child's life.
Human: I like my school.
Robot: School is an important institution in a child's life.

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